THE KIDNEY’S DOUBLE JEOPARDY: GLOMERULAR AND TUBULAR DYSFUNCTION IN HIV INFECTION.
Formerly Published in Vol. 10 No. 2 Jan. - Jun., 2024
Abstract
Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease face a heightened risk of various kidney diseases including HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), HIV immune complex kidney diseases (HIVICK) and drug-related kidney damage. Tubular dysfunctions have been described in the background of HIV infection but not routinely screened for in clinical practice. This tubular dysfunction has been ascribed to direct effect of HIV infection or its treatment. Co-existence of both glomerular and tubular dysfunction represent a twin attack on the kidneys and rarely described in literature. This was a 38-year old woman with chronic kidney disease due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. There were clinical and laboratory evidence suggestive of HIV-associated nephropathy and proximal renal tubular dysfunction. This case was chosen for presentation to highlight that HIV infection and disease is a common cause of chronic kidney disease, some patients have co-existent tubular dysfunction, and outcome of treatment can be good with institution of appropriate anti-retroviral medications.
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